Coal use falls substantially in all policy scenarios, delivering the bulk of reductions in CO₂ emissions. Much of these reductions occur in the electric power and industrial sectors. The transportation sector, which relies on refined oil, also contributes to CO₂ reductions, but to a lesser extent because fewer cost-effective clean energy substitutes are available and refined oil is less carbon intensive than coal on an energy basis. The 4% and 5% Policy scenarios meet or exceed China’s non-fossil energy target. Main sources contributing the rising non-fossil energy share are in the power generation sector: wind, solar, biomass, hydro, and nuclear.